Public Citizen recently hosted a webinar on high gas prices. The summary is an interesting read and the event is a look at the world of reality as opposed to the fabricated world of oil company and FOX NEWS spin.
The role of refineries
What is the relationship between the glut of oil storage facilities in Cushing, Okla., and the closing of East Coast refineries?
Refineries are where crude oil is processed and refined into petroleum products like gasoline. There are about 140 refining facilities in the U.S. Refining profitability is largely determined by the margin between the cost of crude oil and the value of the refined product. The current squeeze on U.S. refineries is due to the combination of high oil prices and weak domestic demand for gasoline. As a result, we have refinery overcapacity, which is pushing down refining profit margins, persuading large refining facilities in the northeast to close their doors. Why in the northeast?
Refiners in the northeast are typically fitted to process “sweet” oil from Brent crude, imported from oil fields in the North Sea, which is easier to refine but considerably more expensive than sour crude, which comes from Canada, the deep water of the Gulf of Mexico and South America. Northeast refineries also process West Texas Intermediate crude, a grade of sweet oil similar to Brent, but that is produced in North America.
Refineries in the Midwest are fitted to refine the heavier crudes and have access to the West Texas Intermediate crude.
Refineries have an incentive to either close or boost exports (we’re now exporting 3 million barrels of refined petroleum products every day) to keep gasoline prices higher than they otherwise would be.